Cannabis finance is a rapidly evolving and complex landscape, shaped by the unique regulatory environment surrounding the industry. Unlike traditional businesses, cannabis companies face significant challenges in accessing capital, securing banking services, and managing financial operations due to federal prohibition in the United States and varying regulations globally. One of the primary obstacles is the limited access to traditional banking. Most major financial institutions are hesitant to work with cannabis businesses, fearing potential legal repercussions and reputational damage. This forces companies to rely heavily on cash transactions, increasing the risk of theft, money laundering, and operational inefficiencies. The lack of banking also restricts access to loans, lines of credit, and other financial instruments that are crucial for growth and expansion. To overcome these hurdles, cannabis businesses often turn to alternative financing options. Venture capital and private equity firms have been significant investors, providing seed funding, growth capital, and acquisition financing. However, competition for these funds is fierce, and investors often demand high returns and significant equity stakes. Another emerging source of capital is the cannabis-focused investment fund. These funds specialize in investing in various segments of the cannabis industry, from cultivation and processing to retail and technology. They offer companies access to capital and industry expertise, helping them navigate the complex regulatory landscape and scale their operations. Debt financing options are also evolving. Private lenders are increasingly willing to provide loans to cannabis businesses, albeit at higher interest rates than traditional banks. These loans can be used for working capital, capital expenditures, and acquisitions. Real estate investment trusts (REITs) specializing in cannabis properties are also becoming more common, allowing companies to lease facilities rather than tying up capital in real estate. Managing finances in the cannabis industry requires specialized expertise. Accounting practices must adhere to strict regulatory requirements, including tracking inventory, documenting sales, and paying taxes in compliance with state and local laws. Due to the limitations on deducting business expenses under Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code, cannabis businesses often face higher effective tax rates. Financial planning is also crucial. Companies must carefully forecast demand, manage cash flow, and develop strategies for navigating the fluctuating market conditions. The industry is subject to rapid changes in regulations, consumer preferences, and competitive dynamics, requiring businesses to be agile and adaptable. The future of cannabis finance hinges on the evolution of federal regulations. If federal prohibition ends or banking regulations are eased, access to capital would likely improve significantly, leading to greater investment and expansion. Until then, cannabis businesses will continue to rely on alternative financing options and specialized financial expertise to navigate the unique challenges of this burgeoning industry.